History of Digital Computer

The History of Digital Computers B. RANDELL Computing Laboratory, University of Newcastle upon Tyne This record portrays the historical backdrop of the improvement of computerized PCs, from crafted by Charles Babbage to the most punctual electronic put away program PCs, It has been set up for Volume 3 of â€Å"l’Histoire Generale des Techniques,† and is in the principle dependent on the starting content composed by the writer for the book â€Å"The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers† (Springer Verlag, 1973). . Charles Babbage THE main electronic computerized PCs were finished in the late 1940’s. As a rule their designers were unconscious that almost all the significant useful attributes of these PCs had been imagined over a hundred years sooner by Charles Babbage. It was in 1821 that the English mathematician Charles Babbage got keen on the chance of motorizing the calculation and printing of numerical tables.He effectively built a little machin e, which he called a â€Å"difference engine,† able to do naturally creating progressive estimations of basic arithmetical capacities by methods for the technique for limited contrasts. This urged him to design a full-scale machine, and to look for money related support from the British government. During the following 12 years both Babbage and the administration emptied impressive totals of cash into the endeavor at building his Difference Engine.However the venture, which required the development of six interlinked including instruments, each fit for including two numerous digit decimal numbers, along with a programmed printing component, was extensively past the innovative capacities of the time †without a doubt it has been guaranteed that the endeavors consumed on the Difference Engine were more than supported basically by the upgrades they created in mechanical designing gear and practice.Although Babbage’s plans for a Difference Engine were to some degree un timely, the essential plan was vindicated when in 1843, motivated by their insight into his work, George and Edvard Scheutz effectively showed a working model distinction motor. A last form of this model was finished 10 years after the fact, with money related help from the Swedish government. A few other contrast motors ere developed in the decades that followed, yet such machines never accomplished the significance of progressively customary computing machines, and when multi-register bookkeeping machines opened up in the 1920’s it was discovered that these could be utilized basically as distinction motors. Anyway Babbage’s thoughts before long advanced a long ways past that of a specific reason ascertaining machine †in reality nearly when he began take a shot at his Difference Engine he got disappointed with its limitations.In specific he wished to stay away from the need to have the most elevated request of contrast steady, so as to have the option to utilize the machine legitimately for supernatural just as logarithmic capacities. In 1834 Babbage began dynamic work on these issues, and on issues, for example, division and the need to accelerate the piece of the expansion component which managed the absorption of convey digits. He built up a few cunning strategies for convey osmosis, however the time reserve funds so realistic would have been at the expense of a lot of complex machinery.This drove Babbage to understand the benefits of having a solitary unified math instrument, the â€Å"mill,† separate from the â€Å"figure axes,† I. e. , sections of plates which acted simply as capacity areas as opposed to gatherers. Babbage’s first thought for controlling the sequencing of the different part instruments of the motor was to utilize â€Å"barrels,† I. e. , pivoting pegged chambers of the sort utilized in melodic automata. He previously wanted to utilize a lot of auxiliary barrels, with by and large control of the machine being indicated by an enormous focal barrel with interchangeable pegs.However in June 1836 he made the significant stride of embracing a punched card system, of the sort found in Jacquard looms, instead of the somewhat restricted and unwieldy focal barrel. He did as such in the acknowledgment that the â€Å"formulae† which determined the calculation that the machine was to perform could along these lines be of practically unbounded degree, and that it would be a basic issue to transform from the utilization of one equation to another.Normally recipe cards, each indicating a number juggling activity to be performed, were to be perused by the Jacquard component in arrangement, however Babbage additionally imagined implies whereby this succession could be broken and afterward recommenced at a before or later card in the grouping. In addition he permitted the decision of the following card which was to be utilized to be impacted by the fractional outcomes that the mac hine had obtained.These arrangements permitted him to guarantee that calculations of uncertain multifaceted nature could be performed heavily influenced by nearly little arrangements of equation cards. Babbage talked at once of having a store comprising of no under 1000 figure tomahawks, each fit for holding a marked 40-digit decimal number, and intended to accommodate adding numbers from cards to the store, and for punching or printing the estimations of numbers held in the store.The development of numbers between the plant and the store was to be constrained by a grouping of â€Å"variable cards,† each determining which specific figure pivot was included. Along these lines a number-crunching activity whose operands were to be gotten from the store and whose outcome was to be come back to the store would be determined by an activity card and a few variable cards. He clearly planned these various types of control cards to be in discrete groupings, read by independent Jacquard mechanisms.Thus in the space of maybe 3 years Babbage had shown up at the idea of a universally useful computerized PC comprising of a store, number juggling unit, punched card info and yield, and a card-controlled sequencing system that gave cycle and restrictive expanding. In addition despite the fact that he kept on in regards to the machine, which he later came to call the Analytical Engine, as being mainly for the development of numerical tables, he had an away from of the theoretical advances he had made.Basing his case on the unbounded number of activity and variable cards that could be utilized to control the machine, the straightforwardness with which confounded contingent branches could be worked from an arrangement of basic ones, and the way that programmed info and yield, and numerous accuracy number-crunching, were given, he expressed that â€Å". . . apparently the entire of the conditions which empower a limited machine to make estimations of boundless degree are sa tisfied in the Analytical Engine . . . . I have changed over the limitlessness of room, which was required by the states of the issue, into the boundlessness of time. Since isolated, yet related, arrangements of cards were expected to control the Analytical Engine the idea of a program as we probably am aware it currently doesn't show up c1early in contemporary depictions of the machine. Anyway there is proof that Babbage had understood the way that the data punched on the cards which controlled the motor could itself have been controlled by a programmed machine-for instance he proposed the chance of the Analytical Engine itself being utilized to aid the arrangement of protracted successions of control cards.Indeed in the depiction of the utilization of the Analytical Engine composed by Lady Lovelace, in a joint effort with Babbage, there are entries which would seem to show that it had been understood that an Analytical Engine was completely fit for controlling emblematic just as a rithmetical amounts. Likely Babbage himself understood that the total Analytical Engine was unfeasible to fabricate, however he spent a great part of a mind-blowing remainder planning and overhauling systems for the machine.The acknowledgment of his fantasy needed to anticipate the advancement of an absolutely new innovation, and a time when the significant accounts and offices required for a programmed PC would be made accessible, the need finally being broadly enough valued. He was a century relatively revolutionary, for as one of the pioneers of the advanced electronic computerized PC has composed: â€Å"Babbage was moving in a universe of sensible structure and framework engineering, and knew about and had answers for issues that were not to be examined in the writing for an additional 100 years. †He kicked the bucket in 1871, leaving a monstrous assortment of building drawings and reports, yet simply a little segment of the Analytical Engine, comprising of an expansion a nd a printing component, whose get together was finished by his child, Henry Babbage. This machine and Babbage’s building drawings are presently in the Science Museum, London. 2. Babbage’s direct replacements Some years’ after Babbage’s passing his child Henry Babbage recommenced take a shot at the development of a mechanical computing machine, putting together his endeavors with respect to the plans his dad had made for the Mill of the Analytical Engine.This work was begun in 1888 and continued discontinuously. It was finished uniquely in around 1910 when the Mill, which consolidated a printing system, was shown at a gathering of the Royal Astronomical Society. By this date anyway crafted by a generally secret replacement to Charles Babbage, an Irish bookkeeper named Percy Ludgate, was at that point all around cutting edge. Ludgate began work in 1903 at 20 years old on a completely novel plan for performing number-crunching on decimal numbers.Decimal dig its were to be spoken to by the sidelong situation of a sliding metal pole, as opposed to the rakish situation of an outfitted circle. The essential activity gave was augmentation, which utilized an entangled system for computing the two-digit items coming about because of multi

Recommendation For Recycling Water in Florida Essay Example For Students

Suggestion For Recycling Water in Florida Essay Arranged for: Tom Petty, Chairman Of The Board Department Of Environmental Guideline Board by: Environmental Specialist, Pasco County Florida November 29, 1996 Substance Conceptual.. .2 Executive Synopsis.. .3 Presentation.. 4 Strategies .4 Results.. ..5 Basic foundation data on water reuse in Florid5 Recovering Waste Water in Florida Uses for recovered or reused water. 7 Ends 7 Suggestions ..7 References. 7 Unique Proposal for Recycling Water in a Florida Pilot Plant The water lack issue has influenced we all somehow. Either through the obligatory limitations or the expanded cost of water, or indeed, even the regularly expanding event of sinkholes, the proof of a water lack is all over the place. Since we need water to endure, and there are no choices to help life on this planet, we should figure out how to stay aware of our consistently expanding water request. This report presents the water deficiency issue that is happening in Florida. This report will acquaint you with the issue and clarify the different uses as of now being utilized in Florida. This report likewise clarifies the technique, just as a proposal including the site and costs included, alongside a short foundation on the proposed strategy. I suggest that the reused venture be financed and permit the pilot plant to meet the ever expanding interest for water in Florida. Official Summary The water lack issue impacts every one of us somehow. Either through the compulsory limitations or the expanded cost of water, or even the regularly expanding event of sinkholes, the proof of a water deficiency is all over. Since we need water to endure, and there are no options to bolster life on this planet, we should figure out how to stay aware of our extending water request. I feel that the main reasonable choice is to reuse the water we are utilizing. By reusing the water, we will have the option to drop the cost and stop the sinkholes from happening and facilitate the obligatory limitations set upon us by the water deficiency. The exploration that was finished and all the data I assembled indicated that a cost of $50,000 would cover all the costs expected to set up a pilot plant, including the work which will be done in-house. The $50,000 required will be recuperated in less then a years time, and since it will likewise fulfill the unquenchable hunger for water, I feel it is a practical alternative. The plant could be operational in 3 endless supply of the reserves. I feel this alternative is both financially and earth possible and might want to begin as quickly as time permits. Presentation Water, our most valuable asset, is turning out to be in short interest. With water utilize expanding each day here in Florida, will there be sufficient water for everyone? We live in a state where individuals are moving into consistently, due to the alluring atmosphere and entertainment alternatives. With this flood expanding at an disturbing rate, where will we get the water to gracefully the interest? Unmistakably, at the current pace of utilization the water table is diminishing. As we see to an ever increasing extent sinkholes, because of the overpumping of the water table, we understand another elective must be created. This fruition report will refresh you on the progress of the alternative of reusing the water in our Pasco County test plant, at the Moon Lake plant. Theorectical Bases For Counseling Essay We use water each day and from multiple points of view. We use water to scrub down, brush our teeth, water our gardens, wash our clothing and vehicles or simply to help our very presence. Plainly we can't manage without water, also, there just isn't sufficient to go around. One option is to reuse the water. We as of now treat our waste water with forms that bring about a water 99.5% unadulterated. On the off chance that this water was to be sent to a water treatment plant to be prepared alongside the water previously being handled, there would be a lot of water accessible. This water could be utilized as consumable water, for drinking or cooking, or for clothing or water system. The recycled water could be reinjected (profound well infusion) into the spring to counterbalance the sum being siphoned each day. Encased is a stream diagram through a waste water and water plant as of now in use. There is almost no change required to achieve reusing of water. When the water finishes the treatment at the waste water office, it would be rerouted to the head, or start of the water treatment plant. As of this point in time, we have finished a stream outline intended for your plant and a brief gauge of .

My Trip to the Grocery store Essays - Sales, Trade, Marketing

My Trip to the Grocery store Amy LeBron Introduction to Nutrition Conversation #2 9-4-17 During my week after week outing to the supermarket I took a psychological note on what this subject is getting some information about. Where the most costly things (per serving) are in the Grocery Store. The most costly and path over estimated things that I saw tend as situated among the meats, seasonings, dairy and new produce/unavailable produce. I never at any point focused on any of this up to this point yet they all appeared to be spread out at the edge and back dividers of the store. Interested I went after my telephone to google the entire market set up. In the wake of doing a little research, I found that stores normally place nourishments, for example, milk eggs, cheddar and meats, furthest far off to attract customers to the more helpful (and unhealthier) thing, for example, canned merchandise, end top specials, and deal things in the focal point of the store. The store looks pretty and spotless as well as everything is set precisely where they can get the most cash out of the customers. Candy isles, brew, chips, canned spaghetti, soft drink, get and go things are good there in the center with the least demanding of access. All the more advantageous and non-prepared things are in the back. Gracious, and remember the too decent resigned woman giving out free examples of new brownies and hot shoemaker on your way to the chicken bosom. Something else I learned, is that there is something like this called the Bulls-eye Zone. This region is the place the more extravagant things with the most elevated markup will in general be set and that the makers pay great cash to have and keep these brands eye level. Why would i be able to matter on my eating routine dependent on these perceptions? All things considered, in the wake of finding out about where and why things are put in the market, it has made me fully aware of our mass greater part of heftiness in the country, however that is an entire distinctive subject. I will eat before shopping, make a shopping rundown and stick to it and perhaps bring a companion who detests shopping to get me out of the store snappier. Excellent perusing and exceptionally instructive learning experience!! Have a brilliant week!

Walt Disney and Childhood - Free Essay Example

When you hear Walt Disney, you automatically think back when you were a kid and how eager you were to watch The Disney channel. People young are currently watching Disney channel and older people affialiate it with their childhood. But what If I tell you that Disney is not only Disney world and the Disney channel. In fact the company has expanding so much that we dont even recognize the Movies, tv shows and other things we watch today are owned by Walt Disney. The objective of this research paper is to give the reader insight on the suba owned by Walt Disney Incorporation and how they interact and profit off eachother. Lets get started shall we! According to NASDAQ, The Walt Disney Company started after founder, Walt Disney, had bankrupt his cartoon company Laugh-O-Gram in 1922. In October of 1923, Walt Disney had signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to start a series of Alice Comedies under the company known as The Disney Brothers Studio which was later renamed The Walt Disney Studio. From here on, Walt Disney would produce products in a wide range of categories which will become the corner stone of this company and set the standard for cartoons and childrens culture. Currently, Disneys headquarters is located in Burback California USA and is overseen by Robert A. Iger who is the The chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Walt Disney Company since 2005. As Chairman and CEO, Mr. Iger has adopted of one of the worlds largest media companies and some of the most respected and beloved brands around the globe. As Disney CEO and Chairman, Igers strategic vision for The Walt Disney Company focuses on three fundamental pillars: generating the best creative content possible; fostering innovation and utilizing the latest technology; and expanding into new markets around the world. And according to WSJ, There is a massive 195,000 employees that work within 45 countries such as, India, Japan, The Bahamas, Hong Kong and France to help make his visions come true. Walt Disney has had a major success within the years by acquiring and braching into different subadaries which has helped the incorporation revenue billionaries of dollars and making Disney legendary. One subadaries is the studios acquired under chairman and Ceo Mr. Iges. Mr.Iges followed his dream and has added to Disneys riches by acquiring three studios Pixar Animation Studios, Marvel Studios, and Lucas film under Walt Disney studio umbrella. According to THE WSJ, Since Acquiring these studios, the companys animation studios has produced 56 animated feature films so far and together have earned 13 Academy Awards, nine Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards. Eight of these films won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. Amongst marvel and lucas film studio, These two created hits such as the Avengers franchise, and guardian of the galaxies and Star Wars and the Indiana Jones franchise. SO with all these movies Along with Disneys four studios, Disney also owns a consumer products and interactive media section, which includes the companys retail and online sites. Providing a category of products that range from appreal, toys, books and pretty much anything Disney related. Today You can find Disneys products in over 400 locations worldwide. According to It operates in three business units: Licensing, Publishing, and Disney Store. The companys Licensing business unit is engaged in Walt Disneys character licensing of brand priorities, such as Disney Media, Disney and Pixar Animation Studios, Disney Princess and Disney Fairies, and Lucasfilm and Marvel. So on top oIts Publishing business unit publishes childrens books, magazines, and digital products. Another subdaries is Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. Aside from its animated movies, Disneys Walt Disney Parks and Resorts are the corporations most well-known attractions. The first Disneyland Park opened back 1955 in Los angelous metro area. With it being such a success Disney opened up a second park 2 years later located in Bay Lake, Florida near Orlando. Attractions include four major parks: Magic Kingdom Park, home to a life-size version of Cinderellas castle, the companys most recognizable Landmark. With the success of these two theme parks. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts did not limit to just the U.S. The corporation operates the successful Disneyland Paris, which opened in 1992, as well as Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, which opened its doors in 2005. Disney also operates a popular cruise line. Disney Media Networks In addition to the popular film and theme parts. Disney owns and operates many television channels that produce popular TV series. Its biggest subsidiary under Disney Media Networks is ABC, which produces hit network shows such as Scandal and How to Get Away With Murder and its flagship evening news program ABC World News Tonight. Disney also owns part of Hulu, an Internet streaming video service, along with 21 st Century Fox FOXA (under FOX Broadcasting Company) and Comcast, the worlds biggest media company in 2015 CMCSA (under NBCUniversal Television Group). Disney also operates AE Networks, in a joint venture with Hearst Corporation. Among its popular television channels include The History Channel and AE, home to Storage Wars, The First 48, Duck Dynasty, and the scripted series Bates Motel . Disney also owns, of course, The Disney Channel. In 1984, the company purchased sports network ESPN, but lately, the network has not been doing Disney any favors. In its recent quarterly earnings report, Disney reported a sharp decline in Cable Networks operation income thanks to ESPNs dismal performance. Weaker results at ESPN were mostly due to a drop in advertising and an increase in programming costs compared to the prior year period. In the early 21st century more than 115 million people visited Disney attractions annually worldwide. The Disney Magic, the first ship in the Disney Cruise Line, was launched on July 30, 1998, and offered vacation packages to the Caribbean islands. In addition to the long-running Disney Channel cable network, broadcasting interests were expanded to include the ABC network, the ESPN sports cable network, and Radio Disney. The companys most visible and noteworthy enterprise of the 1990s was its foray into Broadway musicals. Stage adaptations of the animated features Beauty and the Beast and The Lion King, Disney on Ice both visually resplendent and long-running successes. At the end of the 20th century, the Walt Disney Company was one of the worlds largest entertainment conglomerates, and it consistently ranked among Americas top 50 corporations. Disneys exceptional entertainment experiences, widely diverse content, and unique skill in managing businesses in an integrated manner have led to strong results. During Mr. Igers tenure, The Walt Disney Company has been recognized as one of the Most Reputable Companies in both America and the world by Forbes magazine (2006-2017); one of the Worlds Most Admired Companies by Fortune magazine (2009-2018); one of the Worlds Most Respected Companies by Barrons (2009-2016); one of the Best Places to Launch a Career by BusinessWeek magazine (2006-2010); and as Company of the Year by Yahoo Finance (2013).

Play Based Learning A Context For Learning - 1615 Words

Play-based learning has been defined as â€Å"a context for learning through which children organise and make sense of their social world as they engage actively with people, objects and representations† (DEEWR, 2009). Playing is one of the most important parts of a child’s development phase. The characteristics of play include active where children use their bodies and minds in their play, communicative where children will share knowledge of their play with others, enjoyable where they will be able to have fun, meaningful as plays help them to build and extend their knowledge and sociable and interactive as when playing they will need to interact with others. Playing also allows children to interact with adults and this exchange of ideas between children and adults in play contexts influence children’s continued motivation in the experience. As children develop, the skills, values and knowledge they have gained from plays will provide the foundations for the nex t phase. There are considerable benefits of play for children’s learning across all areas of learning. Play is often associated with the development of intellectual skills and understanding. In play experiences, children integrate emotions, thinking and motivation that boost effective brain functioning. Children often use their imagination when playing and this enables them to develop complex cognitive or intellectual processes. The development of cognitive skills, including dispositions for learning, memory and thinkingShow MoreRelatedConstructivism1400 Words   |  6 PagesConstructivism Learning Theory Constructivism learning theory is a philosophy which enhances students logical and conceptual growth. The underlying concept within the constructivism learning theory is the role which experiences-or connections with the adjoining atmosphere-play in student education. The constructivism learning theory argues that people produce knowledge and form meaning based upon their experiences. 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The Legacy Of Constantine The Great - 1471 Words

Introduction Constantine the Great, also known as Saint Constantine, was the Roman Emperor from 306 to 337, right after Diocletian. As the first Roman emperor to call himself a Christian, his actions greatly affected both the history of the Christian Church and the history of the world. However, the question is, were his efforts about benefitting the church or about benefitting himself? It is said that because of his edicts and leadership, he was able to move the church as well as himself into positions of power. In addition, it was his advocacy for the church that put an end to imperial persecutions. This made Constantine not only highly important in world history but in church history as well. Many still argue about the significance of his efforts, but there is enduring gratitude in the collective memory of Christians for the Edict of Milan. Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in 313 during a time when persecution gave way to religious tolerance. By the end of the century, Christianity becam e an official credo and the emperor would enforce its doctrines. This paper will attempt to make a fair and critical study of Constantine in his relation to Christianity. Often called the First Roman Emperor labeled a Christian, Constantine the Great is one of the most important figures in history because of his advocacy for the church, the unification of the Roman Empire and putting an end to imperial persecutions. Weather it was intentional or not, the decisions and edicts ofShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Milvian Bridge1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthe throne. Eventually, only two Roman generals, Constantine and Maxentius respectively, were left fighting for the throne at Milvian Bridge. 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His dynamic yet effective predominance laid the foundations of post classical

Impact of Gold on GDP free essay sample

Impact of Gold on GDP In ancient times, India was referred as Golden Bird and In the modern times, She has emerged as the largest consumer ot gold in the world. The importance ot gold can be understood in the saying all glitters are not gold. Gold is an important participant in Indian culture, traditions and economic policy. Gold has several applications or uses and the main reasons why Indians take to gold are: Gold is considered an equivalent for liquid cash: Gold is highly liquid and portable as a Security or Asset. It can be converted to cash anytime when an emergency arises and Is considered a friend In eed. Gold is considered as Status Symbol: Especially in India gold symbolizes wealth. often, gold Is Important consutuent of the bridal wealth In the wedding. Indian weddings without gold are unimaginable. Gold is a very good investment: Gold is an asset which has consistently increased in value and thereby considered as a safe and secure Investment. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Gold on GDP or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gold Is considered an effective diversifier which helps to reduce portfolio risk. Gold Is considered as a good gift item: Gold is precious and worthy across all cultures and times. The gold Jewelry Is given as gifts during weddings, festivals and other pecial occasions. Gold has great religious significance: Gold is the symbol of the Hindu Goddess Laxmi and considered highly auspicious. Gold is brought or presented on testivals like Dhanteras and Akshaya Tritiya. Toe rings are never made of gold as it represents the goddess of wealth and should not be soiled by touching a humans feet. Great Ornamental Value: Women of every age and time have always loved wearing gold ornaments. Moreover. Gold Ornaments are never out of fashiorn It also may be remembered that Wedding rings are also traditionally made of gold to mark a long asting relationship. Great value as Heirloom: Gold jewelry is something which can be passed down from one generation to the other as ancestral property Not only In India, but In rest of the world also, gold Is also one of the most valuable assets. Like most of the commodities, gold prices are also determined by demand and supply. The global demand for gold has many layers. For the last 5 years, Jewelry has consisted of of the overall demand for gold. The major players for gold jewelry with over of the demand are China, Turkey, and the Middle East. Gold, as gold coins or bars, adds another 20% of the demand where the united states, India, and Europe play a vital role. Industrial demand lead by Japan makes up the last 12%. Mining constitute 59 percent of the global gold supply, net official sales constitute 6 percent and recycled gold provides 35 percent ot the global gold supply. But many other factors also play their role In determlnlng the gold prices like dollar prices, crude oil prices, inflation etc. Even today, despite of US Dollar being acceptable in International trade, gold is still considered the safest option. It is because ot this reason gold prices are otten attected by the change in Dollar prices. Anyone who follows the gold and currency markets closely will realize that the IJS$ gold price and the Dollar Index generally trend In opposite directions. I ne reason tnat gold ana tne collar generally trend In opposite alrectlons Is tnat In one respect gold is Just another currency. As a result, when the dollar weakens on the foreign exchange market over an extended period then the IJS$ gold price will generally rise during the same period; and when the dollar strengthens over many onths the IJS$ gold price will usually fall. There are, of course, leads and lags and theres no reason to expect that percentage changes in one will be accompanied by equal-and-opposite percentage changes in the other, but when charts of the dollar and gold are compared it quickly becomes apparent that the two have been inversely correlated. On the contrary, gold prices and crude oil prices tend to rise and fall positively with one another. There are two reasons for this- historically, oil purchases were paid for in gold. Even today, a sizable percentage of oil revenue ends up invested in gold. As oil prices rise, much of the increased revenue is invested as it is surplus to current needs and much of this surplus is invested in gold or other hard assets. The second reason is that rising oil prices place upward pressure on inflation. This enhances the appeal of gold because it acts as an inflation hedge. Over the last 50 years or so, gold and oil have generally moved together in terms of price, with a positive price correlation of over 80 percent. Apart from above factors, gold also provides hedge against inflation and therefore there is a positive relationship between gold price and inflation. During times of economic growth there is an increase in wealth which leads to higher demand for luxury goods like gold. During times of economic recession, gold can be used as an asset that protects against inflation and devaluing paper currencies. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has concluded the purchase of 200 metric tonnes of gold from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), under the IMFs limited gold sales programme. This was done as part of the Reserve Banks foreign exchange reserves management operations. RBIs decision to shore up its gold reserves needs to be seen in the ontext of other central banks across the globe increasing their gold reserves. In fact, the share of gold in Indias total reserves has dwindled over the decade. In March 1994, the share of gold in the total reserves of the country was 20. 6%; by the end of June 2009, gold constituted only 3. 7% of the total reserves. The purchase resulted in increasing the share of gold in total assets of RBI to 6percent. RBIs foreign currency assets consist mainly of sovereign bonds, mainly US treasuries. So, buying more gold had helped the Indian central bank to diversify its assets. RBIs foreign exchange reserves consist of foreign currency assets, gold, special draw ing rights (SDR) which is an international reserve currency floated by International Monetary Fund (IMF) and RBI funds kept with IMF. India is the largest consumer of gold in the world, consuming around 18 per cent of the total worlds production. India has to import around 70 per cent of its total gold consumption, thus imparting a lot of foreign exchange to major gold producing countries. With the development of the stock markets, especially on-line trading systems, urban India is lowly shifting its investment focus from gold to the other avenues of investment such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds etc, but, rural India still has its major investments in the form of gold. Around 65 per cent of the total demand for gold in Inala Is Trom people Involved In agrlculture ana alll around 30 per cent of the GDP of the nation. ea Inaustrles wnlcn contrlDutes to Thus gold is still as important for Indian economy as it was ever. Gold is also the important source of income for many least developed countries of Africa where countries like Mali, Ghana get majority of foreign exchange from the export of Gold.